The
traditional
approach to disability service delivery
The
traditional
approach to service delivery
Contents
Current disability service delivery has been to support a particular
group within society. The origins of this come from the medical model
of care.
The medical model of care: (
Top)
... is based on the study
of a
particular
illness or condition that prevents a person from fulfilling his/her
needs.
... people are clasified or grouped into groups that allow the
profession
to treat the group within a particular speciality within the medical
arena..
... the needs of people presenting with the same illness or condition
are
generally the same
... the type of interventions used are specific to the particular
illness
or condition
... the service is built around the needs of the person within the
model of
care within the medical arena
The advandages of this are ...
... the type on
intervention is
specific to
the illness or condition
... the person or group of people are monitered, protected and
supervised
until their condition improves
... the cultures, behaviours and expectations (institutions) of the
setting
and staff are based on a caring and nurturing philosophy
... the skills and resources are used efficiently and effectively in
supporting the person or group of people within the medical arena
... the person is protected from society where necessary
... society is protected from the person where necessary
The disadvandages of this are ...
... a person or group of
people may
loose
control over their lives
... a personal loss in not being able to manage their own affairs
... temporaly loose the networks and relationships within their
communities
that they are a part of
... have to learn the institutions of the community that they are now a
part of
... a person or group of people may becomes isolated from society
The social model of care:
(
Top)
Evolved from a greater
social awareness
and responsibility of the other
social needs of people with high support needs. The principles of
Normalisation and Social Role Valorisaton form the underlying framework
of service delivery. While built around a medical model, the social
model provides a social focus to service delivery that allows people to
be included in the normal social activitives of the society in wich
they live. Social Role Valorisaton says that in order for a person to
be able to participate in society, the person needs to have a valued
social role.
The advandages of this are ...
... the type on
intervention is
specific to
the illness or condition within society
... the person or group of people are monitered, protected and
supervised
until their condition improves
... the cultures, behaviours and expectations (institutions) of the
setting
and staff are based on a caring and nurturing philosophy
... the skills and resources are used efficiently and effectively in
supporting the person or group of people within the social arena
... the person or group of people have a greater chioce in the way the
service is provided
... the service tries to break down the social obsticles in the the
person or group of people participating in ordicary social activities
... a person or group of people may gain new communities of support
(supports, networks and relationships) when being relocated into
another setting
The disadvandages of this are ...
... there is the
assumption a person or
group of people automatically become a part of a community
... there is the assumption that each community that the person or
group of people are supported in, has the necessary skills and resources
... a person or group of people may loose the existing the community of
support (supports, networks and relationships) when being relocated
into another setting
... the service has ownership through
direct intervention in providing for the needs of its members
Disability service
organisations:
(
Top)
There are lots of other
models of
service delivery that are each based along a particular theme or
paradigm. I can talk about the
Specialist Model, the Rights-Based Model, the Tragedy/Charity Model,
the Religious/Moral Model, the Economic Model, the Customer/Empowering
Model, the Rehabilitation Model I personally feel these all
confuse the issues that people with high support needs have in being
supported in society. Disability service organisations provide the same
models of care within
society. Each model is specific to the needs of the person and the
needs of the service that provides the care.
We see services provide ...
... specalised care within
society
... person centered care
... the skills and resources that are unavailable within other
communities
within sosiety
... the community networks and relationships within the disability
arena,
as well as the wider communities that the service is a part of
The advandages of this are ...
... the service is bound
by the various
government policies and practice that determine service delivery
... the person or group of people get the most appropriate care for the
persons needs (Person Centered Planning)
... the service is able to develop a knowledge base in the support of
the
group in society
... the needs of the group are provided be the service
... the members monitered, protected and supervised
... members have the networks and relationships within the community of
the
service
... the members have the opportunity to participate in, and develop
networks and relationships within other communities that the service is
a part of
The disadvandages of this are ...
... the service has
ownership through
direct intervention in providing for the needs of its members
... other communities support the role of the disability service in
society
... disability services often duplicate services within the disability
arena, as well as the wider community
... disability services compete for skills and resources within the
wider
communities
... the institutions of service delivery are generally based on the
medical/social model of care
A new approach to service delivery? (
Top)
At the risk of confusing things even further, I feel that the roles of
the communities (living, recreational, educational and employment) have
been completly ignored in the process. Just because a person has access
to a community does not automatically mean that a person or group is a
part of a community.
... is the community
appropriate ot the
needs of the person?
... does the community have the skills and resources?
... what roles does the community have in supporting the person?
... what roles does the service have in supporting the person?
When providing the most
appropriate
care for people with high support
needs ...
1) The community is not
where the
person is living, but where the
person participates, shares experiences and has valued relationships
with others.
2) People with high support needs (severe disability, aged etc.)
will always need support structures as a part of their lives.
3) The amount of participation in a community (living, education,
employment or recreation) is directly related to the skills and
resources of the person, and, the skills and resources of the
community that the person wishes to participate in.
4) Institutions are going to be around in one form or another
whether we like it or not, It is the way that they are used that is the
problem.
5) The institutions of a society towards a particular group
determine the way the group participates in society.
6) The institutions of a particular government department,
organisation,
profession or service define the way the person is supported within
that society.
7) Facilities that support people with high support needs do not
need to be the nursing homes or prisons in the
sense
that they are today, but can become warm inviting community places that
offer a range of services to the community, as well as be a part of the
wider community within that society.
8) People with high support needs are a minority group in our
society, and will have the same problems as other minority groups in
being a part of society.
Peter Anderson
http://www.psawa.com